20th+Century+Nationalism

20th Century Nationalism India & The Middle East Africa The West [|China and Russia] Latin America Japan and the Pacific Rim


 * Major Changes**
 * revolutions & decolonization --> political innovation, many options
 * totalitarianism (communism or fascism), democracy, one-party rule
 * systematic efforts of many to improve economies
 * industrialization of Japan & the Pacific Rim
 * some, like oil containing countries, took advantage of control over necessary global resources
 * development of modern export sectors (1970s on)
 * China, India, Brazil (computers)
 * results: more complex economy, advance of modern manufacturing
 * cultural change despite dispute and resistance
 * secularism
 * nationalism
 * marxism
 * West + Japan -- leaders in consumer values, faith in science
 * cold war = western consumerism vs. marxism
 * major religions still retained support
 * contest for cultural values in middle east, india, and the us
 * gender issues
 * movements towards more rights, better education, etc for women
 * some societies saw women lose ground economically
 * new round of globalization in the second half of 20th century
 * globalization also started to include new kinds of environmental changes
 * Major Continuities**
 * although many nations advanced industrialization, many still lagged behind
 * retained old economic and social forms
 * women still oppressed in places like Africa & Middle East
 * combination of change & more traditional elements (selling alcohol in European McyDs)
 * some countries still clung to tradition
 * us fearful of outside influence
 * china continues to emphasize order & conformity
 * russia's leaders as always intolerant of internal opposition & critique

Causes of WWI
 * Germany's power was growing, threatening Russia, Britain, & France
 * Britain, France, and Russia formed Triple Entente in early 1900s
 * counter alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (which later switched sides)
 * alliance system was bitter, and worsened by competition for colonies
 * scramble for the very few areas still uncolonized
 * jingoism = warmongering nationalism
 * most European countries, big and small, were eager to vie for territory and prevent colonizers from expanding
 * ever more intense & costly arms races
 * especially naval (Dreadnought battleship launched in 1906, and better ships build by Germany in response)
 * spiraling domestic internal tension
 * labor strikes
 * **July 1914 -- in Balkans, Sarajevo (capital of Bosnian province of Austria) Archduke Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated by a Serbian nationalist, Gavriel Princip**
 * Austrians wanted to force a war yo put an end to decades of Serbia challenging their rule
 * alliance systems came into play once Russia vowed to back up Serbians
 * regional war --> European war
 * **mobilization of the armies of the great powers in late July 1914**


 * How does the introduction relate to the causes of WWI?
 * day of conquest = competition for colonization
 * secret covenants = alliance system
 * What does Wilson suggest was the reason for American entry into the war?
 * injustices that threatened the American way of life
 * How would you summarize the main objectives of the 14 Points?
 * the primary objective is world peace, attained through
 * open, respectful diplomacy
 * equality in economic dealings
 * free movement on the seas
 * a general association of nations that should be created
 * How might the colonies of Britain and France react to the 14 points?
 * favorably because it places equal importance on the colonizer & area to be colonized
 * looks for world peace




 * = I See ||= It Means ||
 * = * THE BOILING POINT
 * BALKAN TROUBLES big kettle
 * steam/smoke ||= * this is the point where war is inevitable, the decades long build up of alliances has led to this
 * unrest in the balkans (periods of Serbians challenging Austrians) have led to this becoming a world war because Austria was so eager to go to war w them, and then all the allies were responsible for jumping in. pot refers to boiling and mixtures of countries and different tensions and issues (ingredients --> one war stew). ||